高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

河北省主要树种单木和林分生长率模型研建

利用第六次至第九次全国森林资源清查河北省2001,2006,2011,2016年4个年度的固定样地调查数据,采用非线性回归估计方法,建立了18个树种组的单木胸径生长率和材积生长率模型,以及12个树种组的林分材积生长率模型。结果表明,单木生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在3%以内,而平均百分标准误差(MPSE)、胸径生长率模型大都在10%以内,材积生长率模型大都在20%左右;林分生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在5%以内,平均百分标准误差(MPSE)大都在25%以内。所建模型可为河北省开展森林资源年度更新提供技术支撑。     

Substrate composition determines emergence success and development of European nase larvae (Chondrostoma nasus L.)

European nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is a specialist riverine fish, characterised by a complex life cycle making it vulnerable to habitat degradation. Recent findings indicate that, analogously to salmonids, the interstitial zone quality may pose a serious bottleneck for successful recruitment of this species. In this study, nase eggs were exposed to different substrate qualities. First, standardised substrate mixtures with differing fine sediment additions were used. Second, we tested different homogenous gravel fractions for their influence on egg development and emergence success. In both setups, substrate composition significantly affected emergence success, timing of emergence and larvae size at emergence. In the substrate mixtures, emergence was most successful in substratum with no fine sediment addition (98%) and decreased to 55% in substratum with 20% fine sediment addition. Emergence was most successful in the coarsest fraction (93%) and decreased to 47% in the finest fraction. Over all treatments, the time between hatching and emergence from substrate differed by up to 156 degree days, thereby indicating that free embryos of nase use the shelter of the interstitial zone for early ontogeny. These results suggest that a loose and porous stream bed can positively contribute to the development success of eggs and larvae and thereby potentially improve the recruitment of nase populations. It is thus important to consider the substrate and interstitial conditions in the conservation and restoration management of this rheophilic cyprinid.     

山东近海口虾蛄单位补充量渔获量评估

为完善口虾蛄的基础生物学资料,并为口虾蛄资源的管理提供科学指导和理论依据,本研究根据2016至2017年山东近海渔业资源底拖网调查获得的口虾蛄体长、体质量数据,估算了口虾蛄的生长、死亡参数,构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)模型,研究口虾蛄的资源动态和管理策略。采集调查口虾蛄样品共5028尾,体长—体质量关系的表达式为W=0.0145L2.88,为负异速生长;使用ELEFAN方法估算出口虾蛄的渐进体长L∞为19.87 cm,生长速率K为0.62 a−1。口虾蛄的生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律,生长参数的季节振幅C为0.76,10月份生长最快,4月份生长最慢。通过体长转换的渔获曲线估算出口虾蛄的总死亡系数Z为3.24 a−1,根据不同方法估算自然死亡系数M的范围为0.75~1.27 a−1,捕捞死亡系数F的估算范围为1.96~2.49 a−1,开发率的均值为0.67。YPR模型结果显示,随着F增大,YPR值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的值分别为0.92a−1和1.88a−1。口虾蛄资源处于过度开发的状态,应降低捕捞压力,同时调整开捕体长,以维持口虾蛄渔业资源量和渔获量。     

Variation in juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dispersal in relation to age and growth performance

Volitional dispersal is a ubiquitous strategy characteristic of species across major faunal groups. Dispersal during the juvenile life stage is of interest because early performance can be critical for determining future success (survival/reproduction). For salmonids, dispersal can influence local density, competition, individual growth and survival, though drivers of dispersal at meso-scales are rarely quantified. Here, we evaluate dispersal of tagged juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through habitat units in extended stream reaches (500 m) at sites across a watershed from July to October 2017. Our aim was to quantify the frequency and spatial extent of dispersal, identify links to biotic and abiotic factors, evaluate the implications for individual growth and test for associations between dispersal and migration initiation. Dispersal rates varied between sites, but were consistently higher for age 1+ than for age 0 steelhead (avg. 21% vs. 6% respectively). Age 1+ dispersal probability was positively correlated with time between recapture events and body mass, and negatively correlated with growth rate, maximum temperature experienced and age 1+ density. At sites where there appeared to be growth benefits to remaining sedentary compared to moving, proportionally fewer fish performed dispersal. We found no links between dispersal and timing or probability of migration initiation the following spring. Our results support the hypothesis that although dispersal over intermediate scales (10–1,000 m) might be rare, it could be an important strategy that permits fish to seek out better opportunities (foraging, shelter or otherwise) in underutilised areas.     

保鲜处理对冷鲜鲟鱼肉特征性风味成分的影响

为明晰保鲜处理对冷鲜鲟鱼肉冷藏期间的特征性风味物质的影响。本实验利用固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)结合电子鼻和电子舌技术，对经微酸性氧化电解水和ε-聚赖氨酸两步法保鲜处理的冷鲜鲟鱼肉在冷藏期间的挥发性成分和滋味成分进行分析。电子鼻能够对挥发性成分从整体上进行分析，贮藏后期保鲜处理组和对照组的鲟鱼肉挥发性气味的数据集无重叠区域，差异明显。利用SPME-GC-MS定性鉴定出46种挥发性物质，主要包括醛类、酮类、烃类和醇类等物质，其中己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛和2,5-辛二酮、苯乙酮、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮为保鲜处理组的主要挥发性物质，保鲜处理延缓了冷鲜鲟鱼肉腥味的产生以及鱼肉香味的下降。电子舌检测冷藏过程中鲟鱼肉的滋味物质时发现，保鲜处理组苦味、涩味、咸味均低于对照组，两组样品贮藏6 d后，在苦味、涩味、咸味、鲜味方面均呈显著差异。保鲜处理起到了减缓冷藏期间冷鲜鲟鱼肉风味物质下降的作用，为保鲜处理在冷鲜鲟鱼肉中的应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

引进肉用绵羊品种的杂交利用研究进展

文章综述了从国外引进优良肉用绵羊品种对国内不同地方绵羊品种杂交改良方面的研究应用情况,重点介绍了萨福克羊、杜泊羊、无角陶赛特羊、美利奴羊、特克塞尔羊等优良绵羊品种与我国不同地方绵羊品种杂交,其杂交后代在生长发育性能、产肉性能、胴体品质等方面的表现,旨在总结中国肉用绵羊的杂交改良工作,为推动中国肉用绵羊杂交改良,提高地方绵羊的生长性能和肉用性能,扩大我国肉羊的生产规模,促进我国畜牧业的健康发展和动物性肉食结构平衡提供借鉴。     

Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells HCC827

AIM: To investigate the effect of shikonin on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells induced by HGF were treated with shikonin and gefitinibthe alone or in combination. The inhibition rates of cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The invasive ability of HCC827 cells with HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib was determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathway in the HCC827 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of HCC827 cells was significantly inhibited by shikonin in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of shikonin in HCC827 cells was 3.06 μmol/L. And the IC₅₀ of gefitinib in HCC827 cells was 0.51 μmol/L. Under the condition of combined treatment with shikonin and gefitinib in the presence of HGF (20 μg/L), the IC₅₀ of gefitinib was 7.36 μmol/L, significantly lower than that treated with gefitinib alone (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell migration (P<0.01). HGF induced EMT, while shikonin reversed this effect. The protein expression level of p-AKT was significantly up-regulated by HGF, while markedly down-regulated treatment with shikonin and gefitinib compared with gefitinib alone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and the mechanism may be likely related to the preventon of EMT and the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of p-AKT signaling pathway.     

不同地区楼葱栽培种的性状与品质分析

为了研究不同地区楼葱的特性,试验对我国不同地区12个楼葱栽培种的数量性状和品质性状进行了测定分析。14个数量性状的相关分析结果显示,主成分分析数量指标后,单株质量、株高、假茎质量、花葶高、叶形指数和假茎指数影响分类;相关性分析说明主要数量指标间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。聚类分析后,遗传距离为3.1时可将楼葱种质根据所得主要数量性状分为4个类群。测定不同地区楼葱6个品质指标后,相关性分析结果表明,紧实度与蛋白质含量、干物质率、香辛油含量、总糖含量、游离氨基酸总量存在着极显著正相关或相关性,主成分分析表明主成分反映了89.99%的原有信息量,楼葱的干物质率与紧实度为主要成分;应用灰色关联度分析了品质与数量性状的关系,假茎直径、出叶孔间距、单株质量这3个数量性状对楼葱品质的影响居前3位。研究表明楼葱种质材料具有极其丰富的遗传多样性,宁夏同心2个地区黄水桥HSQ、石羊圈SYJ的楼葱种质距其他种质资源间亲缘关系最远且干物质率含量及紧实度最高。     

灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵及药理作用的研究进展

以灵芝生长特性、液体发酵、药理作用为切入点,综合查询近5年发表的收录于中国知网和艾斯维尔等数据库中的相关文献,就灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵条件、药理作用方面的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用灵芝资源提供依据。指出现今灵芝的药理作用等基础研究较多,而生长栽培和发酵条件优化的研究报道则较少,而其临床应用的机制则有待进一步探讨。